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On Oct 14, 8:46*pm, "ela" <e...@yantai.org> wrote:

> a) map
> b) {$_ => 1}

perldoc -f map

> c) 1..keys

perldoc perlop
Look for 'range operator'

Marc

"ela" <> wrote:
[...]
>#my %absent = map {$_ => 1} 1..keys %countries;
>my %absent = map {$_ => 1} 3..keys %countries;

> so what does "3..keys" actually mean?

It means nothing because it is a context error: the function key() is
missing its operand.

However
3..keys %countries
means a list ranging from 3 to the number of elements in the hash
%countries because that is what the function keys() returns in scalar
context. see the second sentence in "perldoc -f keys".

jue

if i have a table like:

ID
2
19
117
67
8

and information file like:

1
USA
2
China
3
Japan
4
England
....
100000
Australia

then I can first put the information file into hash and then retrieve the
country information later by the hashed ID. This is the "present" case that
can be solved easily. How can the other way, that is, those IDs that are
absent, to retrieve the coresponding "absent" country information?

On Thu, 14 Oct 2010 10:44:13 -0700, "ela" <> wrote:

>if i have a table like:
>
>ID
>2
>19
>117
>67
>8
>
>and information file like:
>
>1
>USA
>2
>China
>3
>Japan
>4
>England
>...
>100000
>Australia
>
>then I can first put the information file into hash and then retrieve the
>country information later by the hashed ID. This is the "present" case that
>can be solved easily. How can the other way, that is, those IDs that are
>absent, to retrieve the coresponding "absent" country information?
>

What about those IDs that don't exist? Orphan ids

-sln

While your example has the key and value pair on the same row, mine is
different and may span several rows, e.g.

>1
USA, MA, Boston
>2
China,
Beijing,
Chaoyang
>3
....

so I have to parse the information file first. However, I don't know how

my %absent = map {$_ => 1} 1..keys %countries;

works.

I'd appreciate if you would explain a little for the abc below because
perldoc map examples do not cover the combined concepts below:
a) map
b) {$_ => 1}
c) 1..keys

After knowing what they do, then I can produce my own scripts for different
file formats. Thanks again.

I have modified the codes to test what they are for:

my @ids = qw/2 1 4/;
my %countries = qw(
3 Japan
1 USA
4 England
2 China
5 Australia
);

#my %absent = map {$_ => 1} 1..keys %countries;
my %absent = map {$_ => 1} 3..keys %countries;

foreach $key (sort(keys %absent)) {print $key, '=', $absent{$key},
"\n";}print "\n";
foreach $key (keys %absent) {print $key, '=', $absent{$key}, "\n";}
delete $absent{$_} for @ids;

print "missing countries:\n";
print "$_\n" for @countries{keys %absent};

and then the result is like this:

3=1
4=1
5=1

4=1
3=1
5=1
missing countries:
Japan
Australia

so while I was expecting only "Australia" is to print, so what does
"3..keys" actually mean?

"Marc Girod" <> wrote in message
news:e9de214e-10e8-47b6-bce7-...
On Oct 14, 8:46 pm, "ela" <e...@yantai.org> wrote:

perldoc perlop
Look for 'range operator'

Marc

Thanks for your reference, again all the examples use @array but not %array
so I still don't know how 1..keys work out and why the printout result is
different from expected.

Thanks Tad McClellan & Marc Girod, after several rounds of trial & error, I
understood the codes finally~