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Thanks to all who have contributed to my search. The "data binding"
hint lead to some interesting tools, but they all seem to be oriented
towards de-serializing into C++/Java/whatever structures.
Nevertheless, I believe that I'll find some progress there.

Currently my approach looks like encoding the structure in XSD and
writing a parser+validator+converter in C++ -- probably using some XML
library for parsing and validating.

Kind regards
Ingolf