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Java has getter and setter methods that gives you access to the class
members. They are also called accessors and mutators.

Let say you have the private member declared:

private int x;

The accessor method would be:

public getX
{
return x;
}

The mutator method would be:

public setX(int var)
{
x=var;
}

Using this methods you can apply validity checks to your variables.