any sites in which asynchronous VHDL examples are given

i want to design an asynchronous multiplier by using modified booths
algorithm.so initially i want to design an normal adder and a carry
look ahead adder in asynchronous style in VHDL.any help is appreciates

chaitanyakurmala@gmail.com

<> wrote in message
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>i want to design an asynchronous multiplier by using modified booths
> algorithm.

Maybe you have your reasons for wanting to design the multiplier yourself
but if not then, assuming that 'a', 'b' and 'product' are unsigned types of
the appropriate widths and that you include the ieee.numeric_std library,
then combinatorial multiplication in VHDL is simply...

product <= a * b;

> so initially i want to design an normal adder and a carry
> look ahead adder in asynchronous style in VHDL.any help is appreciates
>

Again, maybe you have your reasons for wanting to design the adder yourself
but if not then, assuming that 'a', 'b' and 'sum' are unsigned types of the
appropriate widths and that you include the ieee.numeric_std library, then
combinatorial addition in VHDL is simply...

sum <= a + b;

If you do have your reasons for wanting to design the individual parts
yourself, then I would suggest googling until you find the algorithm
definitions that you are looking for.

KJ

wrote:

> i want to design an asynchronous multiplier by using modified booths
> algorithm.so initially i want to design an normal adder and a carry
> look ahead adder in asynchronous style in VHDL.any help is appreciates

This sounds like a homework, so if you want to learn something, don't read
this text

This is my 2nd VHDL program, so the code might not look like other VHDL
programs and there are faster algorithms. Of course, the best would be to
use simply "*" and let the synthesizer decide how to implement it, e.g.
using integrated multiplier modules of some FPGAs.

One thing which I don't understand is that Xilinx ISE says "unexpected if",
if I try to inline the function shift_add. Looks like it says this for even
the simplest "if" command inside a "for ... generate" block.

-- halfadder
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

entity halfadder is
port(
a, b : in std_logic;
sum, carry : out std_logic);
end entity halfadder;

architecture rtl of halfadder is
begin
sum <= a xor b;
carry <= a and b;
end architecture rtl;


-- fulladder
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

entity fulladder is
port(
a, b, carry_in: in std_logic;
sum, carry_out: out std_logic);
end entity fulladder;

architecture rtl of fulladder is
signal sum1, carry1, carry2: std_logic;

begin
halfadder1: entity halfadder
port map(
a => a,
b => b,
sum => sum1,
carry => carry1);

halfadder2: entity halfadder
port map(
a => sum1,
b => carry_in,
sum => sum,
carry => carry2);

carry_out <= carry1 or carry2;
end architecture rtl;


-- adder
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

entity adder is
generic (bits: integer);
port(
a, b: in unsigned((bits - 1) downto 0);
sum: out unsigned((bits - 1) downto 0));
end entity adder;

architecture rtl of adder is
signal carries: unsigned((bits - 2) downto 0);

begin
first_fulladder: entity fulladder
port map(
a => a(0),
b => b(0),
sum => sum(0),
carry_in => '0',
carry_out => carries(0));

adders: for i in 1 to bits - 2 generate
fulladder_n: entity fulladder
port map(
a => a(i),
b => b(i),
sum => sum(i),
carry_in => carries(i - 1),
carry_out => carries(i));
end generate;

last_fulladder: entity fulladder
port map(
a => a(bits - 1),
b => b(bits - 1),
sum => sum(bits - 1),
carry_in => carries(bits - 2),
carry_out => open);
end architecture rtl;


-- multiplier
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

entity multiplier is
generic (bits: integer);
port(
a, b: in unsigned((bits - 1) downto 0);
product: out unsigned((2 * bits - 1) downto 0));
end entity multiplier;

architecture rtl of multiplier is
subtype result_type is unsigned((2 * bits - 1) downto 0);
type add_signals is array(0 to (bits - 1)) of result_type;
type sum_signals is array(0 to (bits - 3)) of result_type;
signal add: add_signals;
signal sum: sum_signals;

function shift_add(shift: integer; bits: integer; b: unsigned)
return unsigned is
variable result: unsigned(2 * bits - 1 downto 0);
begin
if shift < bits then
for i in 0 to bits - shift - 1 loop
result(2 * bits - 1 - i) := '0';
end loop;
end if;
for i in 0 to bits - 1 loop
result(i + shift) := b(i);
end loop;
if shift > 0 then
for i in 0 to shift - 1 loop
result(i) := '0';
end loop;
end if;
return result;
end shift_add;

begin
first_adder: entity adder
generic map(bits => 2 * bits)
port map(
a => add(0),
b => add(1),
sum => sum(0));
adders: for i in 1 to bits - 3 generate
adder_n: entity adder
generic map(bits => 2 * bits)
port map(
a => sum(i - 1),
b => add(i + 1),
sum => sum(i));
end generate;
last_adder: entity adder
generic map(bits => 2 * bits)
port map(
a => sum(bits - 3),
b => add(bits - 1),
sum => product);
adds: for i in 0 to bits - 1 generate
add(i) <= shift_add(i, bits, a) when b(i) = '1'
else to_unsigned(0, 2 * bits - 1);
end generate;
end architecture rtl;


-- test
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

entity test is
port(
led : out unsigned(7 downto 0);
switch : in unsigned(7 downto 0));
end entity test;

architecture rtl of test is
begin
my_multiplier: entity multiplier
generic map(bits => 4)
port map(
a => switch(3 downto 0),
b => switch(7 downto 4),
product => led(7 downto 0));
end architecture rtl;

--
Frank Buss,
http://www.frank-buss.de, http://www.it4-systems.de