On 3 Oct 2003 06:34:51 -0700,
(Maurice) wrote:
>Hi,
>
>We are implementing some wrappers in C++ according to the Adapter
>Pattern. The classes and their methods in the Adaptee classes
>(open-source library) have already the interface that we like, but we
>want to rename them so we want to implement the Adapter classes in
>such a way that we only have to rename the Adaptee classes. We prefer
>to use #define's because of the better run-time performance, in stead
>of implementing wrapper functions.
Inlined wrapper functions shouldn't suffer a performance hit -
performance should be indentical to the #define approach (and it will
actually work, unlike the #define approach).
>
>In our case we have an Adaptee class that looks like this (simplified
>example):
>
> class Adaptee
> {
> public:
> int Method1(int in);
> int Method2(void);
> private:
> int Attribute;
> };
>
>This Adaptee class is implemented and build in a library.
>
>Now we create an Adapter class (derived from a (abstract) Target
>class) that is defined in the .h-file and looks like this (simplified
>example):
>
> class Adapter : public Target
> {
> public:
> int my_method_1(int in);
> int my_method_2(void);
> };
Ok so far. You've got a library (and header) for Adaptee, and you've
created a header for your own class Adapter, derived from Target.
>In the corresponing .cpp-file we include this .h-file and implement
>the Adapter class in the following way:
>
> #define Adapter Adaptee
> #define my_method_1 Method1
> #define my_method_2 Method2
Where are the defines? Before the #includes?
What you are doing is creating the following class (after
preprocessing):
class Adaptee : public Target
{
public:
int Method1(int in);
int Method2(void);
};
>If we build our Adapter and Target classes into a library, everything
>goes fine. There are no compile or link errors.
But you never build a class called "Adapter"! You build one called
Adaptee.
>Now we use our self-created library in an application, but then we got
>linking errors to tell us that we have: "unresolved external symbols"
>on the methods that are part of the Adapter classes.
I'm not surprised, since you haven't compiled the methods of a class
called Adapter.
Our application
>looks like this (simplified example):
>
> int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> {
> int Result;
> Adapter MyAdapter;
> Target *pMyTarget = &MyAdapter;
>
> Result = pMyTarget->my_method_1(0);
> Result = pMyTarget->my_method_2();
>
> return Result;
> }
>
>So my question is now. Can someone explain me what we are doing wrong
>and how we can solve these linking errors?
Well, I've said what's wrong. To fix it you have two options.
1. Modify the source of Adaptee.cpp to this:
was something like:
#include "Adaptee.h"
//member definitions.
change it to something like:
#include "Adaptor.h" //your header!
#define Adaptee Adapter
#define Method1 my_method_1
#define Method2 my_method_2
//member definitions unmodified
and recompile Adaptee.cpp into its library, where it will actually be
linked in as Adaptor.
Or, much better, you can to do things properly:
#include "Target.h"
#include "Adaptee.h" //from library
class Adapter : public Target, private Adaptee
{
public:
int my_method_1(int in)
{
return Method1(in);
}
int my_method_2(void)
{
return Method2();
}
};
Because the functions are defined inline in the class, you shouldn't
get any performance hit.
Tom
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