«

Apparently I'm missing something. Stroustrup (15.3) says of protected
access:

If [a member] is protected, its name can be used only by member functions
and friends of the class in which it is declared and by member functions and
friends of classes derived from this class.

Since private access cares about the calling class rather than the calling
object, I assumed the same was true for protected access, but the following
code fails in MSVC6:

class B
{
protected:
virtual void speak() {
std::cout << "Howdy, I'm B" << std::endl;
}
};

class D : public B
{
public:
void listen(B& other) {
std::cout << "It says: ";
other.speak();
}
};

// error C2248: 'speak' : cannot access protected member declared in class
'B'

Is this correct? So, protected access is granted only to the derived
object, rather than the derived class? Can I do something like this without
relying on public access?

"Kevin Saff" <> wrote...
> Apparently I'm missing something. Stroustrup (15.3) says of protected
> access:
>
> If [a member] is protected, its name can be used only by member functions
> and friends of the class in which it is declared and by member functions
and
> friends of classes derived from this class.
>
> Since private access cares about the calling class rather than the calling
> object, I assumed the same was true for protected access, but the
following
> code fails in MSVC6:
>
> class B
> {
> protected:
> virtual void speak() {
> std::cout << "Howdy, I'm B" << std::endl;
> }
> };
>
> class D : public B
> {
> public:
> void listen(B& other) {
> std::cout << "It says: ";
> other.speak();
> }
> };


No, you can only access 'speak' in the same object as '*this'.
You cannot access 'speak' in another object because it may not
be your subobject. Imagine

class DD : public A, public B { ...whatever... };

D d;
DD dd;

d.listen(dd);

what would happen? You'd try to access a part of object from
a different hierarchy.

>
> // error C2248: 'speak' : cannot access protected member declared in class
> 'B'
>
> Is this correct?

Yes.

> So, protected access is granted only to the derived
> object, rather than the derived class?

Yes.

> Can I do something like this without
> relying on public access?

Describe the problem you're trying to solve.

Victor

"Victor Bazarov" <> wrote in message
news:...
> "Kevin Saff" <> wrote...
> > Apparently I'm missing something. Stroustrup (15.3) says of protected
> > access:
> >
> > If [a member] is protected, its name can be used only by member
functions
> > and friends of the class in which it is declared and by member functions
> and
> > friends of classes derived from this class.
> >
> > Since private access cares about the calling class rather than the
calling
> > object, I assumed the same was true for protected access, but the
> following
> > code fails in MSVC6:
> >
> > class B
> > {
> > protected:
> > virtual void speak() {
> > std::cout << "Howdy, I'm B" << std::endl;
> > }
> > };
> >
> > class D : public B
> > {
> > public:
> > void listen(B& other) {
> > std::cout << "It says: ";
> > other.speak();
> > }
> > };
>
>
> No, you can only access 'speak' in the same object as '*this'.
> You cannot access 'speak' in another object because it may not
> be your subobject. Imagine

That is not true. Correct sentence would be:
"you can only access 'speak' in the object of the same class as '*this'".
The rule is exactly the same as for "private" - you can replace "protected"
by "private" in the example and try.

To make it compilable you have to change function 'listen' to accept
reference to the class "D" (or some other class derived from "D"):

void listen(D& other) {
std::cout << "It says: ";
other.speak();
}


> [...]
> > So, protected access is granted only to the derived
> > object, rather than the derived class?
>
> Yes.

No. It is granted to derived class. But you can access it only in the
objects
of the derived class - it in the objects of the base class.

Michael Furman